{"page":{"id":117736669468,"body_html":"\u003cp\u003eMetal detecting has its own language — and it matters. Pick up a manual, spend ten minutes on a forum, or read a product description, and you'll run into terms like \u003cstrong\u003eground balance\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003ediscrimination pattern\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003etime constant\u003c\/strong\u003e before you've even turned the machine on. Knowing what they actually mean changes how you set up your detector, how you read its signals, and ultimately what you dig.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThis glossary covers \u003cstrong\u003e107 terms\u003c\/strong\u003e across the full spectrum of the hobby: the underlying technology (VLF, Pulse Induction, BBS, FBS, MPS), coil types and how they shape your search pattern, ground conditions and how to compensate for them, battery chemistry, discrimination methods, and the audio and visual target ID systems built into modern detectors. Terms specific to \u003cstrong\u003egold prospecting\u003c\/strong\u003e, \u003cstrong\u003erelic and coin hunting\u003c\/strong\u003e, and \u003cstrong\u003ebeach detecting\u003c\/strong\u003e are included too — each discipline has its own concepts and trade-offs that don't always overlap.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eEntries run alphabetically. Cross-references connect related terms so you can follow a concept through — understanding \u003cem\u003etime constant\u003c\/em\u003e makes more sense once you've read \u003cem\u003eeddy currents\u003c\/em\u003e, for example. Where a term ties directly to a type of detector or piece of equipment, there's a link to the relevant part of the store or a more detailed guide.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"#terms-A\"\u003eA\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-B\"\u003eB\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-C\"\u003eC\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-D\"\u003eD\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-E\"\u003eE\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-F\"\u003eF\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-G\"\u003eG\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-H\"\u003eH\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-I\"\u003eI\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-J\"\u003eJ\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-L\"\u003eL\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-M\"\u003eM\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-N\"\u003eN\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-O\"\u003eO\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-P\"\u003eP\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-Q\"\u003eQ\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-R\"\u003eR\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-S\"\u003eS\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-T\"\u003eT\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-U\"\u003eU\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-V\"\u003eV\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"#terms-Z\"\u003eZ\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cscript type=\"application\/ld+json\"\u003e\n{\n  \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n  \"@type\": \"DefinedTermSet\",\n  \"@id\": \"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\",\n  \"name\": \"Metal Detecting Terminology\",\n  \"description\": \"Complete A–Z glossary of metal detecting terms covering technology types, coil designs, ground conditions, battery chemistry, discrimination methods, and signal processing concepts.\",\n  \"url\": \"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology\",\n  \"publisher\": {\n    \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n    \"@id\": \"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com#organization\",\n    \"name\": \"Serious Detecting\"\n  },\n  \"hasDefinedTerm\": [\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#accu-trak\",\"name\":\"ACCU-TRAK\",\"termCode\":\"ACCU-TRAK\",\"description\":\"A continuous automatic ground tracking system that measures ground mineralisation in real time while the coil is swept, adjusting the ground balance level instantly to maintain maximum depth and sensitivity.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#air-test\",\"name\":\"Air Test\",\"termCode\":\"air-test\",\"description\":\"A bench test performed by passing a target through the coil's field while the coil is not near the ground. Used to gauge detection depth and target ID response, though real-world performance in mineralised soil will differ.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#alkaline-batteries\",\"name\":\"Alkaline Batteries\",\"termCode\":\"alkaline-batteries\",\"description\":\"Non-rechargeable batteries available in AA, C, and D sizes at 1.5 V per cell. The most widely available battery type for metal detectors.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#all-metal\",\"name\":\"All Metal\",\"termCode\":\"all-metal\",\"description\":\"An operating mode with no discrimination active. Every conductive and ferrous target produces a response, maximising depth at the expense of selectivity.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#amplifier\",\"name\":\"Amplifier\",\"termCode\":\"amplifier\",\"description\":\"An electronic circuit that increases the amplitude of a signal — either audio or radio frequency — to a level that can be processed or heard.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#analogue\",\"name\":\"Analogue\",\"termCode\":\"analogue\",\"description\":\"A signal representation method in which information is encoded as a continuously variable voltage or current amplitude, as opposed to the discrete high\/low states of digital signals.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#auto-tune\",\"name\":\"Auto Tune\",\"termCode\":\"auto-tune\",\"description\":\"A feature that automatically shifts the detector's operating channel to reduce interference from environmental electromagnetic noise at or near the detector's working frequency.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#bbs\",\"name\":\"BBS (Broad Band Spectrum)\",\"termCode\":\"BBS\",\"description\":\"A multi-frequency technology that simultaneously transmits, receives, and analyses a broad band of frequencies to deliver depth, sensitivity, and discrimination superior to single-frequency VLF.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#cache\",\"name\":\"Cache\",\"termCode\":\"cache\",\"description\":\"A deliberately hidden hoard of valuables — coins, jewellery, or artefacts — buried together. Caches often produce unusually strong or repeating signals over a small area.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#co\",\"name\":\"CO (Conductivity)\",\"termCode\":\"CO\",\"description\":\"Abbreviation used on some detector displays to represent a target's conductivity value on the vertical or horizontal axis of a two-dimensional discrimination display.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#coil-cover\",\"name\":\"Coil Cover \/ Skidplate\",\"termCode\":\"coil-cover\",\"description\":\"A protective plastic cover fitted to the underside of the search coil to prevent wear and scratching while sweeping over rough ground.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#coin-jewellery-relic\",\"name\":\"Coin, Jewellery \u0026 Relic Hunting\",\"termCode\":\"coin-jewellery-relic-hunting\",\"description\":\"Metal detecting focused on recovering historical coins, jewellery, and artefacts rather than gold nuggets. Detectors optimised for this discipline emphasise discrimination accuracy and target ID display readability.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#concentric-coil\",\"name\":\"Concentric Coil\",\"termCode\":\"concentric-coil\",\"description\":\"A search coil design with concentric inner and outer wire windings producing a cone-shaped detection field. Good for pinpointing but requires more sweep overlap and can be noisier in heavily mineralised ground than a Double-D coil.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#conductivity\",\"name\":\"Conductivity\",\"termCode\":\"conductivity\",\"description\":\"A measure of how readily electrical current flows through a target. High conductivity (low resistance) targets such as large silver coins produce strong, long-duration eddy currents; low conductivity targets such as thin gold jewellery produce weak, short-duration currents.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#continuous-wave\",\"name\":\"Continuous Wave\",\"termCode\":\"continuous-wave\",\"description\":\"A metal detecting technology in which the search coil transmits a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic field. VLF detectors are the most common implementation. Contrast with Pulse Induction, which transmits in short bursts.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#control-box\",\"name\":\"Control Box\",\"termCode\":\"control-box\",\"description\":\"The housing that contains the detector's electronic circuitry. It generates the transmit signal sent to the search coil and processes the received signals to produce audio tones and visual target IDs.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#current\",\"name\":\"Current\",\"termCode\":\"current\",\"description\":\"The flow of electrical charge, measured in amperes (A). In metal detecting, eddy currents are induced into targets by the detector's electromagnetic field and are the fundamental mechanism by which targets are detected.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#depth\",\"name\":\"Depth\",\"termCode\":\"depth\",\"description\":\"How deep below the surface a target is buried. Detection depth depends on target size, conductivity, soil mineralisation, coil size, and detector technology. Larger coils and lower frequencies generally reach deeper.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#detectorist\",\"name\":\"Detectorist\",\"termCode\":\"detectorist\",\"description\":\"A person who uses a metal detector, whether as a hobby or professionally. The preferred term within the detecting community over 'treasure hunter'.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#digital\",\"name\":\"Digital\",\"termCode\":\"digital\",\"description\":\"A signal representation using only two discrete states (high\/low, 1\/0). Digital processing in modern detectors allows complex filtering, lower weight, reduced noise susceptibility, and sophisticated target ID algorithms compared to analogue designs.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#discrimination\",\"name\":\"Discrimination\",\"termCode\":\"discrimination\",\"description\":\"A detector's ability to classify buried targets by their conductive and\/or ferrous properties so the operator can choose whether to dig. Common forms include variable discrimination, iron mask, notch filter, and two-dimensional Smartfind-style displays.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#discrimination-pattern\",\"name\":\"Discrimination Pattern\",\"termCode\":\"discrimination-pattern\",\"description\":\"A graphical map of accepted (unshaded) and rejected (shaded) target zones based on ferrous and conductivity axes. Operators customise the pattern to ignore common junk while accepting desirable target types.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#double-d-coil\",\"name\":\"Double-D Coil\",\"termCode\":\"double-d-coil\",\"description\":\"A search coil with two overlapping D-shaped wire windings creating a narrow blade-shaped detection field. Benefits include improved stability in mineralised ground, less sweep overlap required, and the ability to discriminate ferrous targets when used in iron-reject modes.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#dvt\",\"name\":\"DVT (Dual Voltage Technology)\",\"termCode\":\"DVT\",\"description\":\"An advanced Pulse Induction technology that transmits pulses at two voltage levels in combination with multi-period sensing, increasing transmitted power and enabling more complete removal of the ground signal for maximum depth in heavily mineralised soils.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#eddy-currents\",\"name\":\"Eddy Currents\",\"termCode\":\"eddy-currents\",\"description\":\"Tiny electrical currents induced into a conductive target when it enters the detector's alternating electromagnetic field. These currents generate a secondary magnetic field that the receive coil detects and analyses.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#electromagnetic-field\",\"name\":\"Electromagnetic Field\",\"termCode\":\"electromagnetic-field\",\"description\":\"The invisible energy field produced by an electrically charged moving object. A metal detector's search coil produces a transmit electromagnetic field; targets disturb this field and generate their own secondary field, which the coil picks up.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#emi\",\"name\":\"EMI (Electromagnetic Interference)\",\"termCode\":\"EMI\",\"description\":\"Unwanted electrical noise from external sources — power lines, radio transmitters, other detectors, or electrical storms — that can cause false signals or reduce detector sensitivity. Managed via noise cancel or auto tune functions.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#environmental-noise\",\"name\":\"Environmental Noise\",\"termCode\":\"environmental-noise\",\"description\":\"Electrical interference from external sources such as power lines, underground cables, radar, nearby detectors, or lightning that disrupts a detector's operation and can cause falsing.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#falsing\",\"name\":\"Falsing\",\"termCode\":\"falsing\",\"description\":\"A false detection signal produced in response to electrical noise, ground mineralisation variation, or physical bumping of the coil rather than a genuine metal target.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#fbs\",\"name\":\"FBS (Full Band Spectrum)\",\"termCode\":\"FBS\",\"description\":\"A multi-frequency technology that transmits, receives, and analyses a full band of simultaneous frequencies, providing more target and ground information than BBS or single-frequency VLF for superior discrimination accuracy and detection depth.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#fe\",\"name\":\"FE (Ferrous)\",\"termCode\":\"FE\",\"description\":\"Abbreviation for the ferrous axis value on a two-dimensional discrimination display. A high FE reading indicates the target contains significant iron content.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#ferrous\",\"name\":\"Ferrous\",\"termCode\":\"ferrous\",\"description\":\"Describes objects containing iron, which are attracted to a magnet and produce a characteristic response in a detector's ferrous channel. Most ferrous targets (nails, bolts, tin cans) are junk, though some iron artefacts have archaeological value.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#frequency\",\"name\":\"Frequency\",\"termCode\":\"frequency\",\"description\":\"The number of complete signal cycles per second, measured in hertz (Hz) or kilohertz (kHz). Higher frequencies give greater sensitivity to small, low-conductivity targets; lower frequencies penetrate deeper for large, high-conductivity targets. Multi-frequency technologies combine both advantages.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#frequency-domain\",\"name\":\"Frequency Domain\",\"termCode\":\"frequency-domain\",\"description\":\"A way of viewing or analysing a signal by plotting its energy against frequency rather than time. Useful for understanding harmonics and identifying interference sources.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#gold-prospecting\",\"name\":\"Gold Prospecting\",\"termCode\":\"gold-prospecting\",\"description\":\"Metal detecting specifically aimed at finding gold nuggets, flakes, or specimens in mineralised soils. Requires detectors with superior ground balance capability, high operating frequency, and PI or advanced VLF technology.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#ground-balance\",\"name\":\"Ground Balance\",\"termCode\":\"ground-balance\",\"description\":\"A calibration setting that cancels the response from ground minerals so only genuine metal targets produce a signal. Can be set manually, automatically (single-point), or continuously via tracking.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#ground-mineralisation\",\"name\":\"Ground Mineralisation\",\"termCode\":\"ground-mineralisation\",\"description\":\"Naturally occurring minerals in the soil — primarily iron oxides (red earth) or dissolved salts (wet beach sand) — that interact with the detector's electromagnetic field and can mask targets or cause false signals if not compensated.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#ground-noise\",\"name\":\"Ground Noise\",\"termCode\":\"ground-noise\",\"description\":\"False signals produced when a detector that is not properly ground-balanced sweeps over variations in soil mineralisation, rock types, or soil density.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#ground-phase\",\"name\":\"Ground Phase\",\"termCode\":\"ground-phase\",\"description\":\"A numeric value representing the phase shift caused by the mineralised ground, used to set the correct ground balance point. Most auto-ground-balance detectors display or automatically track this value.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#ground-tracking\",\"name\":\"Ground Tracking\",\"termCode\":\"ground-tracking\",\"description\":\"A continuous automatic ground balance mode in which the detector constantly re-samples and adjusts to shifting ground mineralisation as the coil is swept, maintaining optimum depth without manual intervention.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#halo-effect\",\"name\":\"Halo Effect\",\"termCode\":\"halo-effect\",\"description\":\"A phenomenon in which minerals leached from a long-buried target create a mineralised zone around the object that the detector reads as part of the target, producing a stronger or wider signal than the target itself would generate if freshly buried.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#harmonic-frequencies\",\"name\":\"Harmonic Frequencies\",\"termCode\":\"harmonic-frequencies\",\"description\":\"Frequency components that are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency. A 15 kHz signal generates harmonics at 30, 45, 60 kHz, etc. Harmonics are more pronounced in square waves than sine waves and are relevant to EMI analysis.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#hot-rocks\",\"name\":\"Hot Rocks\",\"termCode\":\"hot-rocks\",\"description\":\"Rocks with a mineralisation level significantly different from their surrounding matrix soil. They produce a false signal because the detector's ground balance is set for the surrounding soil, not the rock itself.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#iron-bias\",\"name\":\"Iron Bias\",\"termCode\":\"iron-bias\",\"description\":\"A detector setting that adjusts how much weight is given to iron (ferrous) indicators when a target produces mixed ferrous and non-ferrous responses — common with corroded or irregular targets. Higher iron bias reduces false non-ferrous readings on iron junk.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#iron-mask\",\"name\":\"Iron Mask\",\"termCode\":\"iron-mask\",\"description\":\"An operating mode in which ferrous targets are discriminated out. Only non-ferrous or low-iron targets produce an audio response, helping to reduce digging iron junk in trashy ground.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#junk\",\"name\":\"Junk \/ Trash\",\"termCode\":\"junk\",\"description\":\"Unwanted metal targets. Ferrous junk includes nails, wire, and bottle caps; non-ferrous junk includes ring pulls, foil, and lead scraps. Discrimination settings help the detectorist avoid digging junk.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#li-ion\",\"name\":\"Li-ion Battery (Lithium-Ion)\",\"termCode\":\"li-ion\",\"description\":\"A rechargeable battery technology offering high energy density, no memory effect, and low self-discharge. Lighter than NiMH or SLA alternatives and increasingly standard in modern detector designs.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#monoloop-coil\",\"name\":\"Monoloop Coil\",\"termCode\":\"monoloop-coil\",\"description\":\"A coil design used primarily on Pulse Induction detectors in which a single winding serves as both transmit and receive antenna. Cone-shaped detection field provides excellent depth but requires more sweep overlap and can be harder to ground-balance in very mineralised ground compared to Double-D coils.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#mps\",\"name\":\"MPS (Multi Period Sensing)\",\"termCode\":\"MPS\",\"description\":\"An advanced Pulse Induction technology that transmits pulses of multiple durations and samples the received signal at corresponding time periods, enabling the detector to separate target responses from ground mineralisation responses for maximum depth in mineralised soils.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#multi-frequency\",\"name\":\"Multi-frequency\",\"termCode\":\"multi-frequency\",\"description\":\"A detector technology that operates at more than one frequency simultaneously. Combines the depth advantage of low frequencies with the small-target sensitivity of high frequencies, outperforming any single operating frequency.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#nicd\",\"name\":\"NiCd Battery (Nickel-Cadmium)\",\"termCode\":\"NiCd\",\"description\":\"A rechargeable battery at 1.2 V per cell with good high-drain performance but susceptible to memory effect and relatively high self-discharge. Largely superseded by NiMH and Li-ion in modern detectors.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#nimh\",\"name\":\"NiMH Battery (Nickel-Metal Hydride)\",\"termCode\":\"NiMH\",\"description\":\"A rechargeable battery at 1.2 V per cell. Offers higher energy density than NiCd without memory effect, making it a practical rechargeable drop-in for AA-powered detectors.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#noise-cancel\",\"name\":\"Noise Cancel\",\"termCode\":\"noise-cancel\",\"description\":\"A feature that samples available operating channels or frequencies and selects the one with least interference, reducing false signals from power lines, cell towers, and nearby detectors.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#non-ferrous\",\"name\":\"Non-ferrous\",\"termCode\":\"non-ferrous\",\"description\":\"Materials containing no iron and therefore not attracted to a magnet. Includes valuable targets (gold, silver, copper coins, jewellery) as well as common junk (aluminium foil, pull tabs, bottle caps).\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#notch-discrimination\",\"name\":\"Notch Filter Discrimination\",\"termCode\":\"notch-discrimination\",\"description\":\"A discrimination method that accepts or rejects a specific narrow band of target IDs (a 'notch') on the conductivity scale, allowing precise exclusion of common junk items like pull-tabs while accepting similar-ID targets nearby.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#ohm\",\"name\":\"Ohm\",\"termCode\":\"ohm\",\"description\":\"The SI unit of electrical resistance (symbol Ω). In metal detecting contexts, ohm ratings appear on headphone and speaker specifications.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#period\",\"name\":\"Period\",\"termCode\":\"period\",\"description\":\"The time required for one complete cycle of a wave, equal to the reciprocal of frequency (period = 1 ÷ frequency). Measured in seconds or milliseconds.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#pinpointing\",\"name\":\"Pinpointing\",\"termCode\":\"pinpointing\",\"description\":\"The process of narrowing a detected target to an exact location before digging. Typically done by switching to a dedicated pinpoint mode and making two perpendicular sweeps to find the signal peak.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#pinpointer\",\"name\":\"Pinpointer (Probe)\",\"termCode\":\"pinpointer\",\"description\":\"A handheld, probe-shaped secondary detector used inside the dug hole to locate the exact position of a target within loose spoil, significantly reducing recovery time and the risk of cutting a find with the spade.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#pulse-induction\",\"name\":\"Pulse Induction (PI)\",\"termCode\":\"pulse-induction\",\"description\":\"A metal detecting technology that transmits short voltage pulses to the coil, generating a magnetic field that collapses rapidly at the end of each pulse. Residual magnetism in any nearby metal target is then detected. PI detectors excel in highly mineralised soil and saltwater but typically offer less discrimination than VLF designs.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#quickmask\",\"name\":\"QuickMask\",\"termCode\":\"QuickMask\",\"description\":\"A feature on certain detectors that provides quick access to edit and customise the active discrimination pattern without navigating through full menu settings.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#receive\",\"name\":\"Receive (RX)\",\"termCode\":\"RX\",\"description\":\"The process by which the search coil picks up the secondary electromagnetic field generated by a target's eddy currents. The receive circuit amplifies and analyses this signal to determine target properties.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#recovery-speed\",\"name\":\"Recovery Speed\",\"termCode\":\"recovery-speed\",\"description\":\"How quickly a detector resets and becomes ready to detect a new target after responding to the previous one. High recovery speed is important in trashy ground to avoid missing good targets hidden near iron junk.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#resistance\",\"name\":\"Resistance\",\"termCode\":\"resistance\",\"description\":\"Opposition to electrical current flow in a conductor, measured in ohms (Ω). Low-resistance (high-conductivity) targets such as large silver coins produce longer-duration eddy currents and higher target IDs than high-resistance targets.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#search-coil\",\"name\":\"Search Coil\",\"termCode\":\"search-coil\",\"description\":\"The circular or elliptical plate swept over the ground during detecting. Contains the transmit (TX) and receive (RX) wire windings that generate the electromagnetic field and detect target responses. Also called a loop or head.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#sensitivity\",\"name\":\"Sensitivity\",\"termCode\":\"sensitivity\",\"description\":\"A user-adjustable control that determines how responsive the detector is to small or faint signals. Higher sensitivity increases depth and small-target response but also increases susceptibility to ground noise and EMI.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#seta\",\"name\":\"SETA (Smart Electronic Timing Alignment)\",\"termCode\":\"SETA\",\"description\":\"An advanced timing technology that matches individual timing characteristics with continuous measurements of the surrounding electromagnetic environment, removing noise across all timings to maximise sensitivity and gold-finding ability.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#signal\",\"name\":\"Signal\",\"termCode\":\"signal\",\"description\":\"In metal detecting, the term refers to both the transmitted electromagnetic field from the search coil and the received response from a metal target. Detectors convert the received signal into an audio tone and\/or a visual target ID.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#sine-wave\",\"name\":\"Sine Wave\",\"termCode\":\"sine-wave\",\"description\":\"A smooth, mathematically pure waveform corresponding to the sine function. VLF metal detectors transmit a continuous sine wave. Pure sine waves produce no harmonic frequencies, unlike square waves.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#sla-battery\",\"name\":\"SLA Battery (Sealed Lead-Acid)\",\"termCode\":\"SLA\",\"description\":\"A rechargeable battery typically packaged in 6 V or 12 V packs. Heavy but offers high discharge current due to low internal resistance. Used in older or heavy-duty detector designs.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#smartfind\",\"name\":\"Smartfind\",\"termCode\":\"Smartfind\",\"description\":\"A two-dimensional discrimination display that plots target responses on both a ferrous (FE) axis and a conductivity (CO) axis simultaneously, giving a more complete picture of target identity than one-dimensional systems.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#square-wave\",\"name\":\"Square Wave\",\"termCode\":\"square-wave\",\"description\":\"A waveform with rapid transitions between two states. Used in digital electronics for clocking and control. Square waves generate many harmonic frequencies, which can be a source of EMI.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#sweep-speed\",\"name\":\"Sweep Speed\",\"termCode\":\"sweep-speed\",\"description\":\"The rate at which the search coil is moved across the ground. Most VLF detectors require a consistent, moderately slow sweep to process target signals correctly. Too fast a sweep reduces detection depth; too slow can cause threshold instability on some machines.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#target\",\"name\":\"Target\",\"termCode\":\"target\",\"description\":\"Any metal object detectable by a metal detector. Targets can be desirable (coins, jewellery, relics, gold) or undesirable junk (nails, foil, bottle caps).\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#target-id\",\"name\":\"Target ID\",\"termCode\":\"target-ID\",\"description\":\"A numerical value and\/or audio tone assigned by the detector's electronics to represent a target's conductive and ferrous properties. Allows the operator to estimate whether a target is worth digging before breaking ground.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#target-masking\",\"name\":\"Target Masking\",\"termCode\":\"target-masking\",\"description\":\"A situation in which the signal from one target (typically a large iron object) overwhelms or cancels out the signal from a nearby desirable target, making the good target undetectable. Recovery speed and coil size affect susceptibility to masking.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#threshold\",\"name\":\"Threshold\",\"termCode\":\"threshold\",\"description\":\"A continuous low-level background tone used as a baseline reference. Changes in threshold — a dip, null, or rise — indicate the presence of a target or a ground mineralisation variation. Critical for all-metal and PI detecting.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#time-constant\",\"name\":\"Time Constant\",\"termCode\":\"time-constant\",\"description\":\"A measure of how long eddy currents persist in a target after the transmit field is removed, determined by the target's combined conductivity and inductance. Long time constant = high conductivity, high inductance (e.g. large gold bar). Short time constant = low conductivity, low inductance (e.g. thin gold chain).\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#time-domain\",\"name\":\"Time Domain\",\"termCode\":\"time-domain\",\"description\":\"Viewing or analysing a signal as it changes over time, as opposed to the frequency domain. PI detectors operate primarily in the time domain, sampling received signals at specific intervals after each transmitted pulse.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#timings\",\"name\":\"Timings\",\"termCode\":\"timings\",\"description\":\"On Pulse Induction detectors, selectable timing presets that control the pulse duration, delay, and sampling window of the transmit\/receive cycle. Different timings optimise performance for specific ground conditions or target types.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#tone-identification\",\"name\":\"Tone Identification\",\"termCode\":\"tone-identification\",\"description\":\"A discrimination method in which different audio tones are assigned to different target ID ranges, allowing the detectorist to identify probable target types by ear without looking at a display.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#transmit\",\"name\":\"Transmit (TX)\",\"termCode\":\"TX\",\"description\":\"The process by which the search coil emits an alternating electromagnetic field into the ground. The transmit signal is generated by the detector's control box circuitry.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#trashy-ground\",\"name\":\"Trashy Ground\",\"termCode\":\"trashy-ground\",\"description\":\"An area with a high density of junk targets in the soil. Requires careful discrimination settings and high recovery speed to find desirable targets among the noise.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#usb-port\",\"name\":\"USB Port\",\"termCode\":\"USB\",\"description\":\"A Universal Serial Bus connector on some detector control boxes that allows the unit to communicate with a computer for firmware updates, settings transfers, and downloading or uploading discrimination patterns.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#vflex\",\"name\":\"VFLEX\",\"termCode\":\"VFLEX\",\"description\":\"A single-frequency VLF technology using digital electronics for improved stability and interference immunity. A key feature is that swapping to a different coil automatically changes the detector's operating frequency to match the coil's design frequency.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#vlf\",\"name\":\"VLF (Very Low Frequency)\",\"termCode\":\"VLF\",\"description\":\"The most common category of metal detecting technology, transmitting a continuous sine wave typically between 3 kHz and 100 kHz. VLF detectors offer good discrimination but can struggle in highly mineralised ground compared to PI designs.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#voltage\",\"name\":\"Voltage\",\"termCode\":\"voltage\",\"description\":\"Electrical potential difference, measured in volts (V). Battery voltage drives the detector's transmit circuitry; the search coil converts this into the electromagnetic field. Higher transmit voltage generally allows deeper detection.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#geo-zvt\",\"name\":\"GeoZVT\",\"termCode\":\"GeoZVT\",\"description\":\"Minelab's next-generation evolution of ZVT, introduced in the GPZ 8000. GeoZVT adds enhanced ground signal processing, improved rejection of highly mineralised and conductive soils, and better EMI handling — extending the depth and small-gold sensitivity of the original ZVT platform into the most demanding prospecting environments.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#multi-iq\",\"name\":\"Multi-IQ\",\"termCode\":\"Multi-IQ\",\"description\":\"Minelab's simultaneous multi-frequency platform used in the Equinox and Vanquish series. Multi-IQ transmits, receives, and processes multiple frequencies concurrently, delivering target ID accuracy at depth that single-frequency VLF cannot match, with improved handling of mineralised ground and saltwater environments.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#multi-iq-plus\",\"name\":\"Multi-IQ+\",\"termCode\":\"Multi-IQ+\",\"description\":\"The enhanced multi-frequency platform used in the Minelab Manticore. Multi-IQ+ transmits more power across a wider frequency range than standard Multi-IQ, and adds two-dimensional target ID processing (iron probability versus conductivity) for higher discrimination resolution in dense trash environments.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"},\n    {\"@type\":\"DefinedTerm\",\"@id\":\"#zvt\",\"name\":\"ZVT (Zero Voltage Transmission)\",\"termCode\":\"ZVT\",\"description\":\"A Minelab-proprietary transmission technology that shapes the transmit waveform so voltage crosses zero at the transmit-to-receive transition, eliminating the blanking delay inherent in conventional Pulse Induction. This allows ZVT to begin receiving significantly earlier, maintaining sensitivity to small shallow nuggets while retaining the mineralised-ground depth of PI. Used in the GPZ 7000; evolved into GeoZVT in the GPZ 8000.\",\"inDefinedTermSet\":\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detecting-terminology#termset\"}\n  ]\n}\n\u003c\/script\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-A\"\u003eA\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"accu-trak\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eACCU-TRAK\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eACCU-TRAK\u003c\/strong\u003e is a continuous automatic ground tracking system that measures ground mineralisation in real time as the coil is swept. Any changes in mineralisation are analysed instantly and the ground balance level is adjusted accordingly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThis ensures the detector is always correctly ground balanced, operating at maximum depth and sensitivity with minimum operator intervention — particularly valuable in ground with rapidly varying mineral content.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/diagram-Accu-track.png?v=1688673526\" alt=\"ACCU-TRAK diagram showing continuous ground tracking\"\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/library__how-do-metal-detectors-work\"\u003eHow Do Metal Detectors Work?\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"air-test\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAir Test\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eAn \u003cstrong\u003eair test\u003c\/strong\u003e is a bench test performed by passing a target through the coil's field while the detector is held off the ground. It is used to gauge approximate detection depth and observe target ID responses in a controlled, interference-free environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eAir test results are always optimistic. Real-world performance in mineralised soil will be shallower due to ground attenuation and signal cancellation effects. Use air tests for comparison purposes, not as an absolute depth predictor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eNew to detecting? \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/getting-started-metal-detecting-guide\"\u003eGetting Started Guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"alkaline-batteries\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAlkaline Batteries\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlkaline batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e are non-rechargeable single-use batteries available in standard sizes (AA, C, D) at 1.5 V per cell. They are the most widely available battery type globally, making them a practical choice when detecting in remote locations where recharging is not possible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003ePerformance degrades gradually as voltage drops, which can affect detector sensitivity toward the end of a set. Many detectors include a low-battery indicator for this reason.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/metal-detector-parts-accessories?filter.p.m.custom.parts_accessories_type=Batteries\"\u003eMetal Detector Batteries\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"all-metal\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAll Metal\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAll metal\u003c\/strong\u003e mode operates with no discrimination active. Every conductive and ferrous target produces a response regardless of its properties, maximising detection depth at the expense of selectivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eAll metal mode is useful for locating deeply buried targets that discrimination might miss, and is the standard operating mode for most gold prospecting detectors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"amplifier\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAmplifier\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eAn \u003cstrong\u003eamplifier\u003c\/strong\u003e is an electronic circuit that increases the amplitude (strength) of an electrical signal — either an audio signal (sound) or a radio-frequency signal (electromagnetic). In metal detectors, amplifiers boost the faint received signal from the coil before it is processed by the discrimination and target ID circuitry.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"analogue\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAnalogue\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalogue\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to signals in which information is encoded as a continuously variable voltage or current level. Early metal detectors were entirely analogue. Modern detectors convert analogue coil signals to digital as early as possible in the signal chain for more accurate processing, though the audio output is always converted back to analogue before reaching the speaker or headphones.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#digital\"\u003eDigital\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"auto-tune\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eAuto Tune\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuto Tune\u003c\/strong\u003e is a feature that shifts the detector's operating channel to reduce the effect of environmental electromagnetic noise. When an external noise source produces frequencies that coincide with the detector's operating channel, the detector becomes prone to falsing. Auto Tune shifts the channel up or down to avoid this overlap.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#noise-cancel\"\u003eNoise Cancel\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#emi\"\u003eEMI\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"arm-cuff\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eArm Cuff \/ Armrest\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003earm cuff\u003c\/strong\u003e (also called an armrest) is the padded forearm support near the top of the detector shaft. It distributes the weight of the detector across the forearm rather than the wrist, reducing fatigue on long detecting sessions. Many detectorists add aftermarket cuffs for better padding or a more ergonomic fit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#shaft\"\u003eShaft \/ Stem\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/metal-detector-parts-accessories\"\u003eMetal Detector Parts \u0026amp; Accessories\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-B\"\u003eB\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"bbs\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eBBS (Broad Band Spectrum)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBBS\u003c\/strong\u003e simultaneously transmits, receives, and analyses a broad band of multiple frequencies. Providing the electronics with information across a range of frequencies allows better target identification accuracy and greater depth than single-frequency VLF, and significantly reduces false signals from ground minerals — even on saltwater beaches.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#fbs\"\u003eFBS\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#multi-frequency\"\u003eMulti-frequency\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/multi-frequency-metal-detectors\"\u003eShop Multi-Frequency Detectors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-C\"\u003eC\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"cache\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCache\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003ecache\u003c\/strong\u003e is a deliberately hidden hoard of valuables — coins, jewellery, precious objects, or artefacts — buried together, often in a container. Caches can date from any historical period and typically produce an unusually strong, wide, or repeating signal over a small area. Finding a cache is considered one of the most significant discoveries a detectorist can make.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/library__where-to-go-metal-detecting\"\u003eWhere To Go Metal Detecting\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"co\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCO (Conductivity)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO\u003c\/strong\u003e is the abbreviation for conductivity as displayed on two-dimensional discrimination screens. The CO axis typically runs horizontally, with higher values to the right indicating more conductive targets such as large silver coins.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#conductivity\"\u003eConductivity\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#smartfind\"\u003eSmartfind\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#fe\"\u003eFE\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"coil-cover\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCoil Cover \/ Skidplate\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003ecoil cover\u003c\/strong\u003e (also called a skidplate) is a replaceable protective plastic shield fitted to the underside of the search coil. It prevents abrasion and scratching from rocks and rough terrain, extending the coil's working life. Coil covers should be checked regularly and replaced when worn thin, as a cracked cover can allow moisture ingress and coil damage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/metal-detector-parts-accessories?filter.p.m.custom.parts_accessories_type=Coil+Covers\"\u003eCoil Covers \u0026amp; Skidplates\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"coin-jewellery-relic\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCoin, Jewellery \u0026amp; Relic Hunting\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCoin, jewellery, and relic hunting\u003c\/strong\u003e is the most common form of metal detecting, focused on recovering historical and modern metal objects from the soil rather than gold nuggets. Detectors optimised for this discipline prioritise discrimination accuracy, clear target ID displays, and balanced performance across a range of target conductivities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#gold-prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#discrimination\"\u003eDiscrimination\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/treasure-and-relic-metal-detectors\"\u003eRelic \u0026amp; Treasure Detectors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/best-relic-hunting-metal-detectors\"\u003eBest Relic Detectors Guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"concentric-coil\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConcentric Coil\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003econcentric coil\u003c\/strong\u003e has an inner circle and outer circle wire winding arrangement producing a cone-shaped detection field centred beneath the coil. This shape makes target pinpointing intuitive, as the signal peak is directly under the coil's centre.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/ConcentricCoil_480x480.png?v=1688676705\" alt=\"Concentric coil winding diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eConcentric coils require more sweep overlap than Double-D coils for thorough ground coverage and can be noisier in heavily mineralised soil. They are generally better suited to milder ground conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#double-d-coil\"\u003eDouble-D Coil\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#monoloop-coil\"\u003eMonoloop Coil\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/coils\"\u003eSearch Coils\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-coil-guide\"\u003eUnderstanding Metal Detector Coils\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"conductivity\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConductivity\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/Conductivity_240x240.jpg?v=1688674630\" alt=\"Conductivity scale diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e measures how freely electrical current flows through a target. Highly conductive targets (low resistance) such as large silver coins produce strong, long-duration eddy currents and high target ID numbers. Poorly conductive targets (high resistance) such as thin gold jewellery produce weaker, shorter-duration currents and lower target IDs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eConductivity is one of the two main axes used in discrimination — the other is ferrous content.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#time-constant\"\u003eTime Constant\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#resistance\"\u003eResistance\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"continuous-wave\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eContinuous Wave\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eContinuous wave\u003c\/strong\u003e is a metal detecting technology in which the search coil transmits a continuously alternating sine-wave electromagnetic field into the ground. VLF (Very Low Frequency) is the most common implementation. The received signal is analysed for phase shift and amplitude change caused by nearby metal targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#vlf\"\u003eVLF\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#pulse-induction\"\u003ePulse Induction\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"control-box\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eControl Box\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/ControlBox-250x250_480x480.png?v=1688675032\" alt=\"Metal detector control box\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003econtrol box\u003c\/strong\u003e houses the detector's electronic circuitry. It generates the transmit signal sent to the search coil and processes the received signal to produce audio tones, target ID numbers, and discrimination responses. Settings controls, a display screen, and battery compartment are typically integrated into the control box.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"current\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCurrent\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCurrent\u003c\/strong\u003e is the flow of electrical charge, measured in amperes (A). Battery and charger specifications quote current output in milliampere-hours (mAh). Within a metal detector's operation, \u003cem\u003eeddy currents\u003c\/em\u003e are induced into metal targets by the transmitted electromagnetic field — it is these eddy currents that the receive coil ultimately detects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#voltage\"\u003eVoltage\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#eddy-currents\"\u003eEddy Currents\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"classifier\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eClassifier \/ Sifter\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eclassifier\u003c\/strong\u003e is a mesh screen — available in multiple hole sizes — used to separate material by particle size before processing it in a gold pan, sluice box, or concentrator. Removing oversized gravel and rocks reduces the volume of material to process, speeds up recovery, and prevents large rocks from disturbing fine gold during panning. Classifiers can be stacked from coarsest to finest for progressive sizing, though most field prospectors use a single mesh size matched to their recovery method.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#gold-panning\"\u003eGold Panning\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#sluice-box\"\u003eSluice Box\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#trommel\"\u003eTrommel\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"concentrator\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eConcentrator\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003econcentrator\u003c\/strong\u003e is a device that uses water flow, vibration, or centrifugal force to separate heavy minerals (including gold) from lighter waste material. Common types for small-scale prospecting include vibrating bowl concentrators (such as the Blue Bowl, which uses a gentle upwelling of water and vibration) and spiral wheel concentrators (a rotating wheel that spins through a water bath). In both cases, the high specific gravity of gold causes it to settle and be retained while lighter material is carried away. Concentrators are typically used as a secondary cleanup step after sluicing or panning to further refine the concentrate.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#gold-panning\"\u003eGold Panning\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#sluice-box\"\u003eSluice Box\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#riffle\"\u003eRiffle\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-D\"\u003eD\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"depth\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDepth\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDepth\u003c\/strong\u003e in metal detecting refers to how far below the surface a target is buried. Detection depth is influenced by target size and conductivity, soil mineralisation level, coil size, detector technology, and sensitivity settings. As a general rule: larger coils, lower operating frequencies, and pulse induction technology achieve greater depth than smaller coils and higher frequencies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"detectorist\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDetectorist\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003edetectorist\u003c\/strong\u003e is a person who uses a metal detector, either as a hobby or professionally. The term is preferred within the hobby community over the more sensationalised \"treasure hunter,\" reflecting the responsible and often historically significant nature of the pursuit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eJust starting out? \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/getting-started-metal-detecting-guide\"\u003eGetting Started With Metal Detecting\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/best-metal-detector-for-beginners\"\u003eBest Beginner Detectors (2026)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"digital\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDigital\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/DigitalSignal69-1500x430.png?v=1688675503\" alt=\"Digital signal waveform\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDigital\u003c\/strong\u003e signals use only two discrete states — high (1) and low (0) — processed in binary. Modern metal detector designs convert analogue coil signals to digital early in the processing chain, enabling complex filtering algorithms, precise target ID calculation, lighter circuits, and greater noise rejection compared to purely analogue designs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#analogue\"\u003eAnalogue\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"discrimination\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDiscrimination\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/Notch-discrimination_480x480.jpg?v=1688676375\" alt=\"Notch discrimination pattern\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscrimination\u003c\/strong\u003e is a detector's ability to classify buried targets by their conductive and ferrous properties so the operator can decide whether to dig. The four main types are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003col\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVariable discrimination\u003c\/strong\u003e — a continuous knob that rejects increasingly valuable target ranges as it is turned up.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIron Mask \/ Iron Reject\u003c\/strong\u003e — used primarily in gold prospecting to silence ferrous junk.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNotch discrimination\u003c\/strong\u003e — accepts or rejects specific target ID ranges.\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTwo-dimensional (Smartfind-style)\u003c\/strong\u003e — the most advanced form; targets are plotted by both ferrous and conductive properties on a 2D display, enabling highly selective discrimination patterns.\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ol\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/library__metal-detecting-faq-and-tips\"\u003eMetal Detecting FAQ \u0026amp; Tips\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"discrimination-pattern\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDiscrimination Pattern\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003ediscrimination pattern\u003c\/strong\u003e is a graphical representation of accepted and rejected target zones on a one- or two-dimensional display. Shaded areas represent rejected targets; unshaded areas represent accepted targets. Operators customise patterns to block common junk (pull-tabs, foil) while keeping the zones that correspond to desirable finds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#discrimination\"\u003eDiscrimination\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#smartfind\"\u003eSmartfind\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"double-d-coil\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDouble-D Coil (DD Coil)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eDouble-D coil\u003c\/strong\u003e uses two overlapping D-shaped wire windings. The overlapping arrangement creates a narrow, blade-shaped detection field running through the centre of the coil rather than the cone-shaped field of a concentric coil.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/DoubleDCoil_480x480.png?v=1688676589\" alt=\"Double-D coil winding diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eBenefits include improved stability in mineralised and saltwater beach conditions, less overlap required for thorough coverage, and the ability to discriminate ferrous targets when iron reject is active. The blade field pattern also makes it harder for iron objects to mask adjacent non-ferrous targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#concentric-coil\"\u003eConcentric Coil\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#monoloop-coil\"\u003eMonoloop Coil\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/coils\"\u003eSearch Coils\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-coil-guide\"\u003eUnderstanding Metal Detector Coils\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"dvt\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDVT (Dual Voltage Technology)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDVT\u003c\/strong\u003e is an advanced Pulse Induction technology that transmits pulses at two voltage levels in combination with Multi Period Sensing. The dual voltage levels increase total power transmitted into the ground while also allowing more of the ground response to be removed from the received signal, delivering greater depth and sensitivity in extremely mineralised soils.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/DVT_480x480.jpg?v=1688676516\" alt=\"DVT dual voltage pulse diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#mps\"\u003eMPS\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#pulse-induction\"\u003ePulse Induction\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"digging-tool\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eDigging Tool \/ Digger\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003edigging tool\u003c\/strong\u003e (also called a digger, trowel, or hand pick) is the hand tool used to excavate targets once their location has been determined. Good detecting diggers are serrated on one edge for cutting through roots and turf, narrow enough to make a small plug, and robust enough to handle compacted soil. Purpose-made detecting diggers (such as the Lesche and King of Spades) are specifically balanced and sharpened for this use. Using the right tool minimises ground damage and speeds up recovery significantly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#pinpointing\"\u003ePinpointing\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#pinpointer\"\u003ePinpointer\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/shovels-diggers-picks\"\u003eShovels, Diggers \u0026amp; Picks\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-E\"\u003eE\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"eddy-currents\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEddy Currents\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEddy currents\u003c\/strong\u003e are small electrical currents induced into a conductive target when it enters the alternating electromagnetic field produced by a metal detector's search coil. These currents flow in loops within the target and generate their own secondary magnetic field, which the receive coil picks up and the detector's circuitry analyses to determine target properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/DetectorOperation_480x480.png?v=1688676650\" alt=\"Eddy current induction diagram\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"electromagnetic-field\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eElectromagnetic Field\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/Electromagenetic-Field_480x480.jpg?v=1688676877\" alt=\"Electromagnetic field diagram — transmit field in blue, target response in yellow\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eAn \u003cstrong\u003eelectromagnetic field\u003c\/strong\u003e is the physical field produced by alternating electrical current flowing through a conductor. The search coil generates a transmit electromagnetic field that extends into the ground. When this field intersects a metal target, the target generates a secondary field that the coil receives. The illustration shows the transmit field (blue) and the received target field (yellow).\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/library__how-do-metal-detectors-work\"\u003eHow Do Metal Detectors Work?\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"emi\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEMI (Electromagnetic Interference)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectromagnetic Interference (EMI)\u003c\/strong\u003e is unwanted electrical noise from external sources that disrupts a metal detector's operation. Common sources include high-voltage power lines, radio and cell towers, airport radar, agricultural electrical fencing, and other nearby detectors. EMI typically manifests as random falsing, threshold instability, or erratic target IDs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eManaged via Noise Cancel or Auto Tune functions, and by physically relocating away from interference sources where possible.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#noise-cancel\"\u003eNoise Cancel\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#auto-tune\"\u003eAuto Tune\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#environmental-noise\"\u003eEnvironmental Noise\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"environmental-noise\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eEnvironmental Noise\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental noise\u003c\/strong\u003e originates from power lines, underground cables, radar installations, other metal detectors, or natural electrical events such as lightning storms. It produces electrical signals that can interfere with a detector's operation, causing false target responses or threshold instability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#emi\"\u003eEMI\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#falsing\"\u003eFalsing\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#noise-cancel\"\u003eNoise Cancel\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-F\"\u003eF\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"falsing\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFalsing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFalsing\u003c\/strong\u003e is a false detection response produced in the absence of a genuine metal target. Common causes include electromagnetic interference, poorly compensated ground mineralisation, physical bumping or knocking of the search coil, and highly mineralised hot rocks. Reducing sensitivity, improving ground balance, and using noise cancel reduces falsing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"fbs\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFBS (Full Band Spectrum)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFBS\u003c\/strong\u003e is an advanced multi-frequency technology that simultaneously transmits, receives, and analyses a full band of frequencies, providing even more target and ground information than BBS. Key advantages include:\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eHigh sensitivity across a wide range of target types and sizes\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eAutomatic ground compensation for maximum depth even in mineralised and saltwater beach conditions\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003ePrecise separation of target signals from ground signals\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003eTwo-dimensional Smartfind discrimination for simultaneous ferrous and conductivity classification\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#bbs\"\u003eBBS\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#multi-frequency\"\u003eMulti-frequency\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/multi-frequency-metal-detectors\"\u003eShop Multi-Frequency Detectors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"fe\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFE (Ferrous)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFE\u003c\/strong\u003e is the abbreviation for the ferrous axis on two-dimensional discrimination displays. A high FE value indicates the target contains significant iron content. Combined with the CO (conductivity) value, FE enables more precise target identification than single-axis systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#ferrous\"\u003eFerrous\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#co\"\u003eCO\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#smartfind\"\u003eSmartfind\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"ferrous\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFerrous\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/Ferrous_480x480.jpg?v=1688760224\" alt=\"Ferrous nail being attracted to a magnet\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFerrous\u003c\/strong\u003e describes materials that contain iron and are therefore attracted to a magnet. Most ferrous targets found while detecting are junk (nails, bolts, wire, cans), though corroded iron artefacts can have significant historical value. Ferrous targets typically produce low, negative, or unstable target IDs on most detectors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#non-ferrous\"\u003eNon-ferrous\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#iron-mask\"\u003eIron Mask\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"frequency\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFrequency\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/OneCompleteCycle_480x480.png?v=1688758973\" alt=\"One complete signal cycle\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003efrequency\u003c\/strong\u003e of a metal detector is the number of complete signal cycles transmitted per second, measured in hertz (Hz) or kilohertz (kHz). Frequency is one of the most important performance characteristics:\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLow frequency\u003c\/strong\u003e (below ~10 kHz): deeper penetration, better on large high-conductivity targets (silver coins, large gold), reduced sensitivity to small targets\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh frequency\u003c\/strong\u003e (above ~15 kHz): greater sensitivity to small low-conductivity targets (fine gold, thin jewellery), reduced depth on large targets\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMulti-frequency\u003c\/strong\u003e: simultaneously combines the benefits of low and high frequencies\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#vlf\"\u003eVLF\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#multi-frequency\"\u003eMulti-frequency\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#bbs\"\u003eBBS\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/library__how-do-metal-detectors-work\"\u003eHow Do Metal Detectors Work?\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"frequency-domain\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFrequency Domain\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003efrequency domain\u003c\/strong\u003e is a way of viewing or analysing a signal by plotting its energy against frequency rather than against time. Viewing a signal in the frequency domain reveals its fundamental frequency and all harmonic components, which is useful for understanding EMI sources and detector behaviour.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/TimeDomain_480x480.png?v=1688758904\" alt=\"Time domain versus frequency domain signal representation\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#time-domain\"\u003eTime Domain\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#harmonic-frequencies\"\u003eHarmonic Frequencies\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"finds-pouch\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eFinds Pouch \/ Belt Pouch\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003efinds pouch\u003c\/strong\u003e is a bag worn on the belt or clipped to clothing to hold recovered targets during a detecting session. Most detectorists use a two-compartment pouch — one side for keepers (coins, jewellery, interesting items) and one side for junk to be disposed of responsibly. A good finds pouch keeps hands free, prevents losses in long grass, and avoids mixing good finds with trash.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/carry-bags-pouches-covers\"\u003eCarry Bags, Pouches \u0026amp; Covers\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-G\"\u003eG\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"geo-zvt\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eGeoZVT\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinelab's next-generation evolution of ZVT (Zero Voltage Transmission), introduced in the GPZ 8000. GeoZVT builds on ZVT's depth and small-gold sensitivity by adding enhanced ground signal processing, improved rejection of highly mineralised and conductive soils, and better EMI handling in challenging field environments. The result is greater usable depth in the difficult ground conditions common to serious gold prospecting — deeply weathered laterite, wet salt, and heavy ferrite mineralisation — without sacrificing sensitivity to fine or deeply buried nuggets. See also: \u003cem\u003eZVT\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003ePulse Induction\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/blogs\/detecting-prospecting\/minelab-gpz-8000-review-ultimate-depth-and-control-for-serious-gold-prospectors\"\u003eGPZ 8000 in-depth review →\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"gold-prospecting\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGold Prospecting\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGold prospecting\u003c\/strong\u003e is detecting specifically aimed at finding natural gold — nuggets, flakes, or specimens — in mineralised soils and creek beds. Gold prospecting detectors require superior ground balance capability to handle highly mineralised (often iron-rich) soils, high transmit frequency or PI technology for sensitivity to small low-conductivity gold, and robust weatherproof construction for use in remote terrain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#coin-jewellery-relic\"\u003eCoin, Jewellery \u0026amp; Relic Hunting\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#pulse-induction\"\u003ePulse Induction\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/gold-detectors\"\u003eGold Metal Detectors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/top-gold-detectors\"\u003eBest Gold Detectors Guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"ground-balance\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGround Balance\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround balance\u003c\/strong\u003e is a calibration setting that cancels the electromagnetic response from mineralised soil so that only genuine metal targets produce a signal. Without correct ground balance, soil minerals cause continuous false signals that mask real targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThree main types:\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003col\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eManual\u003c\/strong\u003e — operator adjusts a control until ground noise is minimised\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAutomatic (single-point)\u003c\/strong\u003e — detector samples the ground and sets the correct value automatically\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTracking\u003c\/strong\u003e — detector continuously resamples and adjusts as ground conditions change\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ol\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#ground-mineralisation\"\u003eGround Mineralisation\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#ground-tracking\"\u003eGround Tracking\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#accu-trak\"\u003eACCU-TRAK\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/library__how-do-metal-detectors-work\"\u003eHow Do Metal Detectors Work?\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"ground-mineralisation\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGround Mineralisation\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/Ground-mineralisation_480x480.jpg?v=1688760433\" alt=\"Ground mineralisation diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround mineralisation\u003c\/strong\u003e refers to naturally occurring minerals in the soil that respond to a detector's electromagnetic field in a way that mimics metal targets. Two main types:\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cul\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eIron mineralisation\u003c\/strong\u003e — fine iron oxide particles (common in red soils) make the ground magnetically responsive\u003c\/li\u003e\n      \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSalt mineralisation\u003c\/strong\u003e — dissolved salts (common on wet beaches) make the ground electrically conductive\u003c\/li\u003e\n    \u003c\/ul\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eBoth types can produce false signals and reduce detection depth if not compensated by a proper ground balance setting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eRelated: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/beach-metal-detectors\"\u003eBeach Metal Detectors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/best-beach-metal-detectors\"\u003eBeach Detecting Guide (2026)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"ground-noise\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGround Noise\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/GroundNoise_480x480.png?v=1688760483\" alt=\"Ground noise illustration\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround noise\u003c\/strong\u003e is the erratic false signalling produced when a detector is not properly ground-balanced for the soil. As the coil sweeps over variations in mineralisation, soil type, or terrain irregularities, the uncompensated ground signal produces random audio responses and unstable target IDs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"ground-phase\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGround Phase\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround phase\u003c\/strong\u003e is a numeric value representing the phase angle of the eddy currents induced in the soil by the detector's transmitted field — not the shift of the transmitted signal itself. It is used internally by the detector to set the correct ground balance compensation point. Many auto-ground-balance detectors display the ground phase reading, which gives the operator useful information about soil type and mineralisation level.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#ground-balance\"\u003eGround Balance\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"ground-tracking\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGround Tracking\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGround tracking\u003c\/strong\u003e is a continuous automatic ground balance mode in which the detector constantly resamples the soil and adjusts its ground balance compensation as the coil is swept. It eliminates the need to stop and re-balance as soil conditions change, ensuring consistent performance across varying terrain.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#ground-balance\"\u003eGround Balance\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#accu-trak\"\u003eACCU-TRAK\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"gold-pan\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGold Pan\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003egold pan\u003c\/strong\u003e is a shallow, wide circular pan — typically plastic in modern use — used to separate gold from gravel and sand using water. The pan's angled inner ridges (riffles) assist in retaining dense gold particles, though the primary separation mechanism is the swirling motion and the high specific gravity of gold — many effective pans have minimal riffles and rely primarily on technique. Gold pans come in various sizes (10–16 inches is common) and colours — dark green or black provide the best contrast for spotting fine gold flakes and small nuggets. Gold panning is one of the oldest and most accessible forms of gold prospecting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#gold-panning\"\u003eGold Panning\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#riffle\"\u003eRiffle\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#classifier\"\u003eClassifier\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e | \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/best-gold-panning-guide\"\u003eBest Gold Panning Guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"gold-panning\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eGold Panning\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGold panning\u003c\/strong\u003e is the process of using a gold pan and water to separate alluvial (water-deposited) gold from gravel, sand, and lighter mineral material. Material is loaded into the pan, submerged, and agitated with a swirling motion that causes the heavier gold to sink to the bottom while lighter material washes off. The process is repeated progressively until only the densest concentrate remains, which is then carefully inspected for gold. Panning requires no power, is highly portable, and is an excellent tool for sampling an area before setting up larger equipment like a sluice or highbanker.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#gold-pan\"\u003eGold Pan\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#classifier\"\u003eClassifier\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#sluice-box\"\u003eSluice Box\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#gold-prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e | \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/best-gold-panning-guide\"\u003eBest Gold Panning Guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-H\"\u003eH\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"halo-effect\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHalo Effect\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ehalo effect\u003c\/strong\u003e occurs when a target has been buried undisturbed for an extended period. Minerals leached from the corroding target migrate into the surrounding soil, creating a zone of elevated mineralisation. The detector responds to this larger mineralised area rather than the object itself, producing a stronger and wider signal than the target's actual size would normally generate — and sometimes making a deeply buried target easier to detect than a freshly buried one of the same size.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"harmonic-frequencies\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHarmonic Frequencies\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/HarmonicFrequencies_480x480.png?v=1688760640\" alt=\"Harmonic frequencies diagram showing fundamental and harmonics\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHarmonic frequencies\u003c\/strong\u003e are frequency components at integer multiples of a fundamental frequency. A 15 kHz signal has harmonics at 30, 45, 60 kHz, and so on, diminishing in amplitude with each step. Square waves are rich in harmonics, while pure sine waves produce none. Harmonic emissions from external equipment can coincide with a detector's operating frequency and cause interference.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#frequency-domain\"\u003eFrequency Domain\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#emi\"\u003eEMI\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"hot-rocks\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHot Rocks\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/HotRock_480x480.png?v=1688760853\" alt=\"Hot rock illustration\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHot rocks\u003c\/strong\u003e are rocks with a mineralisation level significantly different from the surrounding soil matrix. A highly mineralised rock in mildly mineralised soil will produce a false signal because the detector's ground balance is set for the background soil, not the rock. Hot rocks are common in gold prospecting areas and are a major source of falsing for PI detectors without good ground compensation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#ground-mineralisation\"\u003eGround Mineralisation\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#falsing\"\u003eFalsing\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"headphones\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHeadphones\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHeadphones\u003c\/strong\u003e allow the detectorist to hear audio target signals clearly without disturbing others nearby, and improve signal audibility in windy conditions. Wired headphones connect directly to the detector's audio jack. Wireless (Bluetooth) headphones eliminate the cable entirely — a significant advantage in the field — and are standard on platforms like the XP DEUS II where the whole system is cable-free. Key specifications include connector compatibility (¼ inch, ⅛ inch, or proprietary), volume sensitivity, and whether the headphones are waterproof for beach or water detecting use. Impedance matching — a consideration on older detectors — is not a significant practical concern on modern machines, which work well with a wide range of consumer headphone impedances.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#ohm\"\u003eOhm\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#tone-identification\"\u003eTone Identification\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/headphones\"\u003eMetal Detecting Headphones\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"highbanker\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHighbanker\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003ehighbanker\u003c\/strong\u003e (also called a power sluice) is a sluice box elevated on legs and fed with water via a pump and hose, allowing prospecting away from a natural water source. The pump draws water from a bucket or nearby water source and pumps it through the sluice, washing material across the riffles and matting to capture gold. Highbankers process significantly more material per hour than hand panning and are a practical step up for prospectors working dry or semi-dry locations. Most systems are modular — the sluice box itself can often be detached and used directly in a stream without the elevated frame.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#sluice-box\"\u003eSluice Box\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#riffle\"\u003eRiffle\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#classifier\"\u003eClassifier\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-I\"\u003eI\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"iron-bias\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIron Bias\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIron bias\u003c\/strong\u003e is a setting that controls how strongly the detector weighs ferrous (iron) indicators when a target produces a mixed or ambiguous response — for example, a corroded iron object or a non-ferrous target lying close to iron junk. Higher iron bias causes the detector to classify borderline signals as iron more readily, reducing false non-ferrous IDs on junk at the cost of occasionally masking genuinely good targets near iron.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#discrimination\"\u003eDiscrimination\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#target-masking\"\u003eTarget Masking\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"iron-mask\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eIron Mask\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIron mask\u003c\/strong\u003e is an operating mode in which the detector discriminates out ferrous targets, producing a response only to non-ferrous or low-iron objects. Widely used in gold prospecting to ignore iron junk such as nails and wire, allowing the operator to focus on non-ferrous gold signals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#discrimination\"\u003eDiscrimination\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#ferrous\"\u003eFerrous\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-J\"\u003eJ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"junk\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eJunk \/ Trash\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJunk\u003c\/strong\u003e (also called trash) refers to unwanted metal targets in the ground. Ferrous junk includes nails, screws, wire, and tin cans. Non-ferrous junk includes aluminium foil, ring pulls, bottle caps, and lead fragments. Junk is typically far more abundant than desirable targets and is the primary reason discrimination settings exist. In highly trashy ground, even good target signals can be masked by nearby junk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#discrimination\"\u003eDiscrimination\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#trashy-ground\"\u003eTrashy Ground\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#target-masking\"\u003eTarget Masking\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-L\"\u003eL\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"li-ion\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eLi-ion Battery (Lithium-Ion)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithium-ion batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e are rechargeable batteries that offer significant advantages over older technologies: higher energy density (more capacity for less weight), no memory effect, and very low self-discharge rates. Increasingly the standard in modern metal detectors, often integrated as non-removable packs with USB charging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#nimh\"\u003eNiMH\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#nicd\"\u003eNiCd\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#sla-battery\"\u003eSLA Battery\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/metal-detector-parts-accessories?filter.p.m.custom.parts_accessories_type=Batteries\"\u003eMetal Detector Batteries\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-M\"\u003eM\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"monoloop-coil\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMonoloop Coil\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/MonoloopCoil_480x480.png?v=1688761711\" alt=\"Monoloop coil winding diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eMonoloop coil\u003c\/strong\u003e uses a single winding around the coil's circumference that acts as both the transmit and receive antenna. Used primarily on Pulse Induction detectors, it produces a cone-shaped detection field requiring greater sweep overlap than a Double-D coil. In heavily mineralised ground, the monoloop's simpler single-winding field design can deliver marginal depth advantages. In moderate mineralisation, Double-D coils are typically comparable or superior due to their better inherent ground rejection. Monoloop coils can be harder to ground-balance in the most extreme mineralisation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#double-d-coil\"\u003eDouble-D Coil\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#concentric-coil\"\u003eConcentric Coil\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#mps\"\u003eMPS\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/coils\"\u003eSearch Coils\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-coil-guide\"\u003eUnderstanding Metal Detector Coils\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"mps\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMPS (Multi Period Sensing)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/MPS_480x480.png?v=1688762351\" alt=\"MPS multi period sensing pulse diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMPS (Multi Period Sensing)\u003c\/strong\u003e is an advanced Pulse Induction technology that transmits pulses of different time periods and samples the received signal at multiple corresponding time windows. By comparing responses across different periods, the electronics can isolate and remove the ground mineralisation signal while retaining target signals — delivering superior depth in extremely mineralised soils.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#dvt\"\u003eDVT\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#pulse-induction\"\u003ePulse Induction\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"multi-frequency\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eMulti-frequency\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMulti-frequency\u003c\/strong\u003e technology transmits and processes more than one frequency simultaneously. Because lower frequencies offer deeper penetration and higher frequencies offer better sensitivity to small targets, a multi-frequency detector simultaneously achieves both — outperforming any single operating frequency for the widest range of detecting conditions and target types.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#bbs\"\u003eBBS\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#fbs\"\u003eFBS\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#frequency\"\u003eFrequency\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/multi-frequency-metal-detectors\"\u003eMulti-Frequency Metal Detectors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"multi-iq\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMulti-IQ\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMinelab's simultaneous multi-frequency platform, used in the Equinox and Vanquish series. Unlike switchable multi-frequency systems (which run one frequency at a time), Multi-IQ transmits, receives, and processes multiple frequencies concurrently. This gives target ID accuracy at depth that no single-frequency detector can match, because each frequency contributes phase and conductivity data independently — the processor then combines them into a single stable target ID readout. Multi-IQ also handles salt beach conditions and mineralised soil better than single-frequency VLF, since the simultaneous processing can separate ground noise from target signal more effectively. See also: \u003cem\u003eVLF\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eBBS\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eFBS\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eMulti-IQ+\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/blogs\/detecting-prospecting\/minelab-multi-iq-technology-simultaneous-frequency\"\u003eMulti-IQ technology explained →\u003c\/a\u003e · \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/equinox-detectors\"\u003eShop Equinox detectors →\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"multi-iq-plus\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMulti-IQ+\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe enhanced version of Multi-IQ used in the Minelab Manticore. Multi-IQ+ transmits more power through the coil and uses revamped signal processing for higher target ID resolution and improved discrimination — particularly useful for separating low-conductivity targets (hammered silver, fine gold) from iron in dense trash. Where standard Multi-IQ gives a single-axis target ID, Manticore's Multi-IQ+ produces a two-dimensional target ID plot (iron probability on one axis, conductivity on the other), giving significantly more information per signal. See also: \u003cem\u003eMulti-IQ\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSmartFind\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/manticore-detectors\"\u003eShop Manticore →\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-N\"\u003eN\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"nicd\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNiCd Battery (Nickel-Cadmium)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNickel-cadmium batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e are rechargeable cells at 1.2 V with good high-drain performance. However, they suffer from memory effect — capacity degrades if consistently recharged before fully discharged — and have a relatively high self-discharge rate. Largely superseded by NiMH and Li-ion technologies in modern detector designs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"nimh\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNiMH Battery (Nickel-Metal Hydride)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNickel-metal hydride batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e are rechargeable cells at 1.2 V per cell that offer higher energy density than NiCd without the memory effect problem. Available in standard AA sizes, making them a practical rechargeable replacement for alkaline cells in AA-powered detectors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/metal-detector-parts-accessories?filter.p.m.custom.parts_accessories_type=Batteries\"\u003eMetal Detector Batteries\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"noise-cancel\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNoise Cancel\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNoise Cancel\u003c\/strong\u003e scans available operating channels or frequencies and selects the one least affected by electromagnetic interference from power lines, towers, or nearby detectors. The process typically takes a few seconds and should be run at the start of each detecting session or when entering a new location.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#auto-tune\"\u003eAuto Tune\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#emi\"\u003eEMI\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"non-ferrous\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNon-ferrous\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNon-ferrous\u003c\/strong\u003e materials contain no iron and are not attracted to a magnet. Desirable non-ferrous targets include gold, silver, copper, and bronze. Non-ferrous junk includes aluminium foil, pull tabs, and lead. Non-ferrous targets typically produce stable, positive target IDs on most detectors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#ferrous\"\u003eFerrous\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"notch-discrimination\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNotch Filter Discrimination\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotch filter discrimination\u003c\/strong\u003e accepts or rejects a specific narrow band of target IDs on the conductivity scale. For example, a notch can be set to reject the pull-tab target ID range while accepting coins of similar conductivity either side of it — though in practice, overlap between pull-tab and ring IDs makes precise notching challenging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#discrimination\"\u003eDiscrimination\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-O\"\u003eO\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"ohm\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOhm\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eohm\u003c\/strong\u003e (symbol Ω) is the SI unit of electrical resistance. In metal detecting, ohm ratings appear primarily in headphone and speaker specifications. Impedance-matched headphones help the detector's audio circuit operate efficiently.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#resistance\"\u003eResistance\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#current\"\u003eCurrent\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#voltage\"\u003eVoltage\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-P\"\u003eP\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"period\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePeriod\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/Period_480x480.png?v=1688763094\" alt=\"Signal period diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eperiod\u003c\/strong\u003e is the time required for one complete cycle of a wave, equal to the reciprocal of frequency: \u003cem\u003eperiod = 1 ÷ frequency\u003c\/em\u003e. A 10 kHz signal has a period of 0.1 milliseconds (100 microseconds). Relevant in PI detectors where pulse timing (measured in microseconds) directly affects performance characteristics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"pinpointing\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePinpointing\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/Pinpointing_480x480.png?v=1688763249\" alt=\"Pinpointing technique diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePinpointing\u003c\/strong\u003e is the process of locating the exact position of a buried target before digging. Most detectors offer a dedicated pinpoint mode. The technique involves entering pinpoint mode over the signal, making a slow sweep to find the peak response, then rotating 90° and sweeping again. Where the two peaks intersect is directly above the target.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#pinpointer\"\u003ePinpointer (Probe)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"pinpointer\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePinpointer \/ Probe\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003epinpointer\u003c\/strong\u003e is a handheld probe-shaped secondary detector used inside the excavated hole to find the exact location of a target within loose soil or debris. Without a pinpointer, recovery can involve extensive searching through soil by hand. Most pinpointers vibrate and\/or emit a tone that increases in intensity as the probe approaches the target.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#pinpointing\"\u003ePinpointing\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/pinpointers\"\u003ePinpointers\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/best-pinpointers-for-metal-detecting\"\u003eBest Pinpointers Guide (2026)\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"pulse-induction\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePulse Induction (PI)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePulse Induction\u003c\/strong\u003e is a metal detecting technology that operates by transmitting short, powerful bursts (pulses) of voltage to the search coil, generating a brief magnetic field that collapses rapidly at the end of each pulse. Any metal target nearby retains residual magnetism for a short period after the pulse ends. This decaying magnetism is detected by the coil in the quiet period between pulses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003ePI detectors excel in highly mineralised soils and saltwater environments where VLF detectors struggle. Early PI designs offered limited discrimination, but modern PI technologies (MPS, DVT) have largely closed that gap — high-end PI detectors now match or exceed VLF discrimination accuracy in many conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#mps\"\u003eMPS\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#dvt\"\u003eDVT\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#vlf\"\u003eVLF\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/library__how-do-metal-detectors-work\"\u003eHow Do Metal Detectors Work?\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-Q\"\u003eQ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"quickmask\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuickMask\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eQuickMask\u003c\/strong\u003e is a feature available on certain advanced detectors that provides rapid access to edit and customise the active discrimination pattern without navigating through the full menu system, allowing fast on-the-fly adjustments when site conditions change.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#discrimination-pattern\"\u003eDiscrimination Pattern\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-R\"\u003eR\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"receive\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReceive (RX)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ereceive\u003c\/strong\u003e function is the process by which the search coil's receive winding picks up the secondary electromagnetic field generated by a target's eddy currents. The receive circuit amplifies this tiny signal and passes it to the detector's processing electronics for analysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#transmit\"\u003eTransmit (TX)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#eddy-currents\"\u003eEddy Currents\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"recovery-speed\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eRecovery Speed\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRecovery speed\u003c\/strong\u003e is how quickly a detector's circuitry resets between consecutive targets and becomes ready to respond to a new signal. In trashy ground, fast recovery speed is critical: a slow-recovering detector may still be processing the response from a nearby iron nail when the coil passes over a coin, causing the coin to be missed entirely. Higher recovery speed generally comes with a slight reduction in depth on single targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#target-masking\"\u003eTarget Masking\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#trashy-ground\"\u003eTrashy Ground\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"resistance\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResistance\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResistance\u003c\/strong\u003e is the opposition to electrical current flow in a conductor, measured in ohms (Ω). In metal detecting, resistance is the inverse of conductivity — low resistance targets are highly conductive and produce high target IDs; high resistance targets are poorly conductive and produce low IDs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#conductivity\"\u003eConductivity\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#ohm\"\u003eOhm\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"riffle\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eRiffle\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRiffles\u003c\/strong\u003e are the raised ridges or bars on the floor of a sluice box, gold pan, or recovery mat that create turbulent eddies in the water flow. These eddies cause dense heavy minerals — including gold — to drop out of suspension and settle behind the riffles, while lighter material continues downstream. Riffle design (height, spacing, shape) significantly affects gold recovery efficiency. Shallow riffles work better for fine gold; deeper riffles handle coarser material. Most modern sluice mats combine rubber riffles with textured backing matting to maximise fine gold capture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#sluice-box\"\u003eSluice Box\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#gold-pan\"\u003eGold Pan\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#concentrator\"\u003eConcentrator\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-S\"\u003eS\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"search-coil\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSearch Coil (Loop \/ Head)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/SearchCoil_480x480.png?v=1688994562\" alt=\"Search coil diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esearch coil\u003c\/strong\u003e is the circular or elliptical housing swept above the ground during detecting. It contains the transmit (TX) and receive (RX) wire windings. The coil transmits the electromagnetic field into the ground and receives the response signals from targets. Coil size affects both depth and sensitivity: larger coils cover more ground and reach deeper but are less sensitive to small targets; smaller coils are better for small targets and trashy ground.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#concentric-coil\"\u003eConcentric Coil\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#double-d-coil\"\u003eDouble-D Coil\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#monoloop-coil\"\u003eMonoloop Coil\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/coils\"\u003eSearch Coils\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-coil-guide\"\u003eUnderstanding Metal Detector Coils\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"sensitivity\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSensitivity\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSensitivity\u003c\/strong\u003e is a user-adjustable control governing how responsive the detector is to small or faint signals. Higher sensitivity increases depth and small-target detection ability but also amplifies responses to ground mineralisation and EMI, increasing falsing and ground noise. Optimal sensitivity is the highest stable setting for the conditions — typically below maximum in mineralised soil.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"seta\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSETA (Smart Electronic Timing Alignment)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/SETA_480x480.png?v=1688994672\" alt=\"SETA technology diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSETA\u003c\/strong\u003e is an advanced timing technology that matches each individual timing's characteristics with continuous measurements from the surrounding electromagnetic environment, including the earth's magnetic field. The result is complete removal of noise across all timing settings, increasing sensitivity and detection ability across all operating conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#timings\"\u003eTimings\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#mps\"\u003eMPS\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"signal\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSignal\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eIn metal detecting, \u003cstrong\u003esignal\u003c\/strong\u003e refers both to the transmitted electromagnetic field from the search coil and to the received electromagnetic response from a metal target. Detectors convert the received signal into an audio tone and\/or a visual target ID for the operator to interpret.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"sine-wave\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSine Wave\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/SineWave_480x480.png?v=1688994734\" alt=\"Sine wave diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003esine wave\u003c\/strong\u003e is a smooth, continuously curving waveform that mathematically follows the sine function. VLF metal detectors transmit a pure or near-pure sine wave. Unlike square waves, pure sine waves produce no harmonic frequency components, making them less likely to cause interference with other equipment operating at those harmonic frequencies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#square-wave\"\u003eSquare Wave\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#continuous-wave\"\u003eContinuous Wave\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"sla-battery\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSLA Battery (Sealed Lead-Acid)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSealed lead-acid batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e are rechargeable batteries packaged in 6 V or 12 V packs. They offer low internal resistance and high discharge current capability, making them suitable for high-power detector designs. The main disadvantage is weight — SLA batteries are significantly heavier than NiMH or Li-ion alternatives of equivalent capacity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/metal-detector-parts-accessories?filter.p.m.custom.parts_accessories_type=Batteries\"\u003eMetal Detector Batteries\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"smartfind\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSmartfind\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSmartfind\u003c\/strong\u003e is a two-dimensional discrimination display that plots both a target's ferrous (FE) content and its conductivity (CO) value simultaneously on a single screen. This provides far more target identification information than one-dimensional target ID systems, allowing the operator to make more informed digging decisions — for example, distinguishing a gold ring from a pull-tab at a similar conductivity level by their different ferrous characteristics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/E-TRACSmartfind_480x480.png?v=1688994837\" alt=\"Smartfind two-dimensional discrimination display\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#discrimination\"\u003eDiscrimination\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#co\"\u003eCO\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#fe\"\u003eFE\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"square-wave\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSquare Wave\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/SquareWave_480x480.png?v=1688994914\" alt=\"Square wave diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003esquare wave\u003c\/strong\u003e is a waveform that transitions rapidly between two voltage states. Used extensively in digital electronics for clocking and control signals. Square waves generate many harmonic frequencies — relevant in metal detecting when external equipment producing square wave signals radiates harmonics at the detector's operating frequency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#sine-wave\"\u003eSine Wave\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#harmonic-frequencies\"\u003eHarmonic Frequencies\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"sweep-speed\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSweep Speed\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSweep speed\u003c\/strong\u003e is the rate at which the search coil is moved across the ground. Most VLF detectors require a consistent, moderately slow sweep (roughly 1 metre per second) to process target signals fully. Sweeping too fast can cause the processor to miss short time-constant targets or reduce depth; sweeping too slowly on some designs can cause threshold instability. PI detectors are generally more tolerant of variable sweep speeds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"sand-scoop\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSand Scoop\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003esand scoop\u003c\/strong\u003e is a perforated metal or plastic scoop used to retrieve detected targets from beach sand or shallow water. The holes allow wet sand to drain quickly while retaining the target. Scoops come in various sizes and hole patterns — smaller holes for fine gold and jewellery, larger holes for coins in coarse sand. Long-handled scoops let the detectorist retrieve targets from waist-deep water without having to crouch. Material matters: stainless steel handles salt and abrasion better than aluminium over long periods; plastic is lighter for dry sand use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#pinpointing\"\u003ePinpointing\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#pinpointer\"\u003ePinpointer\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/scoops-diving-tools\"\u003eSand Scoops \u0026amp; Diving Tools\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e | \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/best-beach-metal-detectors\"\u003eBeach Detecting Guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"shaft\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eShaft \/ Stem\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eshaft\u003c\/strong\u003e (also called the stem or rod) is the telescoping pole that connects the search coil to the control box and provides the arm support structure of the detector. Most shafts consist of an upper section (which typically incorporates an S-bend elbow), a lower rod, and a camlock or twist-lock adjustment mechanism, telescoping to fit the detectorist's height. Shaft material affects overall detector weight and balance: standard shafts are fibreglass or aluminium; aftermarket carbon fibre shafts are significantly lighter and stiffer, reducing arm fatigue on long sessions. The lower rod attaches directly to the search coil and takes most of the wear, so replacement lower rods are a common accessory purchase.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#arm-cuff\"\u003eArm Cuff\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#control-box\"\u003eControl Box\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#search-coil\"\u003eSearch Coil\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/metal-detector-parts-accessories?filter.p.m.custom.parts_accessories_type=Shafts+%26+Rods\"\u003eDetector Shafts \u0026amp; Rods\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"sluice-box\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSluice Box\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003esluice box\u003c\/strong\u003e is a long trough placed in a stream or fed by a pump, through which water carries gold-bearing gravel. The current washes lighter material over a series of riffles and matting on the sluice floor, while the weight of gold causes it to drop and be trapped. Sluice boxes process far more material than hand panning — larger pump-fed setups can handle hundreds of kilograms per hour, while a typical portable sluice hand-fed by one person will process considerably less. Key variables are water flow rate, angle of incline, riffle design, and backing mat texture. After a run, the sluice is cleaned out and the concentrated material from the riffles is panned to recover the gold.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#riffle\"\u003eRiffle\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#highbanker\"\u003eHighbanker\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#classifier\"\u003eClassifier\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#gold-panning\"\u003eGold Panning\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e | \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/best-gold-panning-guide\"\u003eBest Gold Panning Guide\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"snifter-bottle\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSnifter Bottle \/ Sniffer Bottle\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003esnifter bottle\u003c\/strong\u003e (also called a sniffer or sucker bottle) is a small squeeze bottle with a narrow tip used to suck up fine gold particles, flakes, or small nuggets from a gold pan, crevice, or tray. The tip is placed over the gold and the bottle is squeezed then released, creating suction that draws the gold inside. An essential tool for recovering fine gold that is too small to pick up by hand without losing it, and for clearing gold from tight bedrock crevices.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#gold-panning\"\u003eGold Panning\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#gold-prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"specimen-vial\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSpecimen Vial\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003especimen vial\u003c\/strong\u003e is a small glass or plastic tube with a tight-fitting cap used to store and display recovered gold — flakes, fine gold dust, or small nuggets. Glass vials are preferred over plastic for their optical clarity and scratch resistance — soft plastics can cloud over time, making fine gold harder to see. Vials are typically carried in the field to safely store gold as it is recovered rather than risking losing fine particles in a pocket or pouch.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#snifter-bottle\"\u003eSnifter Bottle\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#gold-panning\"\u003eGold Panning\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-T\"\u003eT\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"target\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTarget\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003etarget\u003c\/strong\u003e is any metal object detectable by a metal detector. Targets can be desirable (coins, jewellery, gold, historical artefacts) or undesirable junk (nails, foil, bottle caps). The entire workflow of metal detecting — discrimination, target ID, and pinpointing — is oriented around distinguishing desirable targets from junk before committing to a dig.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"target-id\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTarget ID\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eTarget ID\u003c\/strong\u003e is a numerical value assigned by the detector's electronics to represent a target's conductive and ferrous properties. IDs allow the operator to estimate the probable target type before digging. Different detector brands use different ID scales, but generally higher numbers indicate more conductive (e.g. silver) targets and lower numbers indicate less conductive or ferrous targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003ctable\u003e\n      \u003ctbody\u003e\n        \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTarget\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eTypical Target ID\u003c\/th\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUS Quarter (silver)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~75–80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUS Penny (zinc)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~65–72\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eGold ring (10k)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~20–45 (varies by size\/karat)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAluminium pull tab\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~35–55\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBottle cap (steel)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~40–60 (variable)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n        \u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eIron nail\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~−10 to 10\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n      \u003c\/tbody\u003e\n    \u003c\/table\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote: ID numbers vary significantly between detector brands and models. Always refer to your specific detector's ID chart.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"target-masking\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTarget Masking\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTarget masking\u003c\/strong\u003e occurs when the signal from one metal object — typically a large iron target — overwhelms or cancels out the response from a nearby desirable target, making the good target effectively undetectable. It is one of the primary reasons valuable finds are missed in trashy ground. Using a small coil, increasing recovery speed, and slowing sweep speed all help reduce masking effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#recovery-speed\"\u003eRecovery Speed\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#trashy-ground\"\u003eTrashy Ground\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"threshold\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eThreshold\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/Threshold_480x480.png?v=1688995129\" alt=\"Threshold audio tone diagram\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ethreshold\u003c\/strong\u003e is a continuous low-level audio tone used as a baseline reference. Changes in threshold — a dip (null) indicating a discriminated target, or a rise indicating a non-discriminated one — provide additional information beyond the main target signal. The threshold is essential for all-metal and PI detecting, where subtle threshold variations are the primary detection signal.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"time-constant\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTime Constant\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003etime constant\u003c\/strong\u003e measures how long eddy currents persist in a target after the transmit field is removed. It is determined by the target's combined conductivity and inductance. High conductivity + high inductance = long time constant (e.g. a large gold bar). Low conductivity + low inductance = short time constant (e.g. a fine gold chain). PI detectors using MPS technology exploit differences in time constants to separate target signals from ground mineralisation signals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#conductivity\"\u003eConductivity\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#eddy-currents\"\u003eEddy Currents\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"time-domain\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTime Domain\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0760\/1464\/9628\/files\/TimeDomain-1_480x480.png?v=1688995217\" alt=\"Time domain signal representation\"\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003etime domain\u003c\/strong\u003e is the standard way of viewing a signal as it changes over time — a plot of voltage (or amplitude) versus time. PI detectors operate primarily in the time domain, sampling received signals at specific microsecond intervals after each transmitted pulse to distinguish between target responses and ground responses by their differing decay times.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#frequency-domain\"\u003eFrequency Domain\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#pulse-induction\"\u003ePulse Induction\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"timings\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTimings\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eOn Pulse Induction detectors, \u003cstrong\u003etimings\u003c\/strong\u003e are selectable presets that control the pulse duration, inter-pulse delay, and receive sampling window of the transmit\/receive cycle. Different timing settings optimise performance for specific ground mineralisation levels and target types — for example, some timings are better suited to saltwater beach sand, others to deep, heavily mineralised red earth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#mps\"\u003eMPS\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#dvt\"\u003eDVT\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#seta\"\u003eSETA\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"tone-identification\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTone Identification\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTone identification\u003c\/strong\u003e assigns different audio tones to different target ID ranges, allowing the operator to classify probable target types by ear without looking at the display. More tones (some detectors offer 4, 8, or even continuous variable pitch) give more precise audio feedback but require more experience to interpret reliably. Many experienced detectorists rely primarily on tone ID rather than numeric displays.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"transmit\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTransmit (TX)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003etransmit\u003c\/strong\u003e function is the process by which the detector's electronics drive an alternating current through the search coil's transmit winding, generating the electromagnetic field that extends into the ground and induces eddy currents in any nearby metal targets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#receive\"\u003eReceive (RX)\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#electromagnetic-field\"\u003eElectromagnetic Field\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"trashy-ground\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTrashy Ground\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTrashy ground\u003c\/strong\u003e is soil containing a high density of junk targets. Parks, beaches, picnic areas, and old farmland are commonly trashy. Detecting in trashy ground requires careful discrimination settings, fast recovery speed, small coils to reduce the chances of multiple targets in the detection field simultaneously, and a slower sweep speed to ensure each target gets a clean read.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#junk\"\u003eJunk\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#recovery-speed\"\u003eRecovery Speed\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#target-masking\"\u003eTarget Masking\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"trommel\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eTrommel\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003etrommel\u003c\/strong\u003e is a motorised rotating cylindrical drum with a mesh screen that classifies raw material by size as it tumbles through. Water is sprayed inside the drum to break up clumps and wash material through the screen holes, separating fine gold-bearing material from coarser rock and gravel. The fines drop onto a sluice or mat below for gold recovery. Trommels are faster and more automated than hand classifying, making them practical for processing high volumes of material at fixed or semi-permanent prospecting sites.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#classifier\"\u003eClassifier\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#sluice-box\"\u003eSluice Box\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#highbanker\"\u003eHighbanker\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eShop: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/collections\/prospecting\"\u003eGold Prospecting Equipment\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-U\"\u003eU\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"usb-port\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eUSB Port (Universal Serial Bus)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003eA \u003cstrong\u003eUSB port\u003c\/strong\u003e on a metal detector's control box enables communication with a computer for firmware updates, settings backup and transfer, and uploading or downloading custom discrimination patterns. Some modern detectors also use USB-C for battery charging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-V\"\u003eV\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"vflex\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVFLEX\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVFLEX\u003c\/strong\u003e is a single-frequency VLF technology using advanced digital electronics to deliver improved stability and enhanced immunity to outside electromagnetic interference compared to earlier analogue VLF designs. A particularly useful feature is frequency agility: swapping to a different VFLEX-compatible coil automatically changes the detector's operating frequency to match the coil's design frequency, allowing a single detector body to effectively operate at multiple frequencies by changing coils.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#vlf\"\u003eVLF\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#frequency\"\u003eFrequency\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"vlf\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVLF (Very Low Frequency)\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVLF\u003c\/strong\u003e is the most widespread category of metal detecting technology, transmitting a continuous sine-wave electromagnetic field at frequencies typically between 3 kHz and 100 kHz. VLF detectors offer good discrimination capabilities and target ID accuracy. Their main limitation is performance in highly mineralised soil, where Pulse Induction technology generally excels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#continuous-wave\"\u003eContinuous Wave\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#pulse-induction\"\u003ePulse Induction\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#vflex\"\u003eVFLEX\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n  \n    \u003cp\u003eLearn more: \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/metal-detector-technologies\"\u003eMetal Detector Technologies Explained\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e|\u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/seriousdetecting.com\/pages\/library__how-do-metal-detectors-work\"\u003eHow Do Metal Detectors Work?\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"voltage\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eVoltage\u003c\/h2\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVoltage\u003c\/strong\u003e is electrical potential difference, measured in volts (V). Battery voltage powers the detector's transmit circuitry; higher transmit voltage generally enables deeper electromagnetic field penetration. Battery voltage is also relevant to runtime — alkaline AA cells start at 1.5 V and drop gradually, while NiMH cells deliver a stable 1.2 V until nearly depleted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n    \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSee also: \u003ca href=\"#current\"\u003eCurrent\u003c\/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"#resistance\"\u003eResistance\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\n\u003ch2 id=\"terms-Z\"\u003eZ\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\n\u003cdiv id=\"zvt\"\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eZVT (Zero Voltage Transmission)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Minelab-proprietary transmission technology developed for deep gold detection in heavily mineralised ground. Standard Pulse Induction detectors transmit a rectangular pulse and must wait for two things before listening: the coil's own switching transient (flyback) to decay, and the ground's induced response to settle — delays that together create a blanking period during which small, shallow targets are missed. ZVT transmits a specially shaped waveform engineered to produce a minimal ground response at the transmit-to-receive transition, effectively nulling the ground's contribution at that moment. This allows the receive window to open significantly earlier than in conventional PI, recovering sensitivity to small and shallow nuggets that would otherwise be lost in the blanking period. The result is a system that combines the mineralised-ground depth of PI with sensitivity to fine gold that approaches VLF — a trade-off no previous technology achieved cleanly. Used in the Minelab GPZ 7000; evolved into GeoZVT in the GPZ 8000. See also: \u003cem\u003ePulse Induction\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eGeoZVT\u003c\/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eMPS\u003c\/em\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/gold-detectors\"\u003eShop GPZ series →\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n","created_at":"2023-05-23T11:41:09-04:00","published_at":"2019-10-24T14:52:08-04:00","updated_at":"2026-05-04T10:04:11-04:00","handle":"metal-detecting-terminology","title":"Metal Detecting Terminology - Complete Glossary"}}